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Analýza obrazu pro korekci elektronových mikroskopů
Smital, Petr ; Schwarz, Daniel (oponent) ; Kolář, Radim (vedoucí práce)
Tato práce se zabývá fyzikální podstatou korekcí elektronového mikroskopu a matematickými metodami zpracování obrazu potřebnými pro jejich kompletní automatizaci. Jedná se o různé typy ostření, korekci astigmatismu, centrování elektronového svazku či stabilizaci obrazu. Mezi popsané matematické metody patří různé metody zjištění ostrosti a astigmatismu, jak s použitím Fourierovy transformace, tak bez ní, dále metody detekce hran, operace s histogramem a lícování snímků, tedy zjišťování prostorových transformací v obraze, včetně zmínky o optimalizačních metodách. Tato práce obsahuje podrobný popis matematických metod, jejich zhodnocení na základě testovací „offline“ aplikace, popis algoritmů jejich implementace do reálného elektronového mikroskopu a výsledek testu na reálném mikroskopu v podobě videozáznamu z obrazovky ovládacího počítače.
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Static and dynamic properties of nanostructured magnetic materials
Vaňatka, Marek ; Wintz, Sebastian (oponent) ; Dijken, Sebastiaan van (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
During the last years, magnetic materials and nanostructures have been intensively studied for their applications in recording media and logic circuits. This work follows our ongoing research in this field and mainly focuses on the static and dynamic properties of nanostructured materials, e.g., NiFe, CoFeB, and YIG. The thesis starts with a theoretical introduction showing the basic description of micromagnetic systems, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), and spin-waves, including the mathematical description of spin-wave dispersion relations. This is followed by the description of experimental methods. Then we present the first experimental part concerning the nucleation process of magnetic vortices, i.e., the transition from the saturated state into the vortex spin configuration while decreasing the magnetic field. Magnetic imaging methods are used, namely Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy. The results are correlated with electrical detection using the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect. The advantage of electrical measurements is their potential integrability into the microprocessor circuitry. In the results, we report that this process in nanometer- and micrometer-sized magnetic disks undergoes several phases with distinct spin configurations called the nucleation states. Moreover, we introduce the analysis of magnetic materials using a vector network analyzer (VNA), which is applied to the measurement of magnetic vortex resonance (evaluation of the gyrotropic frequency and the high-frequency modes as well), the ferromagnetic resonance of thin layers (extraction of basic magnetic material parameters), and propagating spin-wave spectroscopy (PSWS). Spin-wave spectroscopy is further developed to measure the dispersion relations of thin magnetic layers, which can serve as an essential characteristic used in the design of devices. Finally, we show a concept of an antenna device, separating the magnetic excitation from the sample itself, providing no need for electron lithography processes of the antenna fabrication onto the sample. This device has the form of a glass cantilever, on which the excitation antenna is fabricated, a connector, and a coupler. It is then placed on a tilt equipped x-y-z stage, and therefore it provides positionability to any place on the measured sample. The use of glass as the cantilever material enables navigation using a microscope and enables the use of optical detection methods, e.g., Brillouin light scattering (BLS) or Kerr effect.
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Denoising of Images from Electron Microscope
Holub, Zbyněk ; Kolář, Radim (oponent) ; Odstrčilík, Jan (vedoucí práce)
This master’s thesis is focused on the image denoising of images acquired by transmission electron microscope. Thesis describes principles of TEM image digitizing. It also describes the types of noises, which are the unwanted part of final image and they can damage it. Therefore, filtration methods based on total variation minimizing were chosen and used for TEM image denoising in this thesis. Non-local means filter, chosen for filtration quality comparison, because nowadays this filter is the-state-of-art in denoising methods. Filters were tested on artificially noised images by Gaussian and Poisson noise and also on images from TEM microscope. TEM images were acquired with different electron dose and with different binning. The results of filtration quality are rated by these benchmarks – SNR, PSNR and SSIM. All obtained results are shown in figures and they are discussed in the practical part.
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Static and dynamic properties of nanostructured magnetic materials
Vaňatka, Marek ; Wintz, Sebastian (oponent) ; Dijken, Sebastiaan van (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
During the last years, magnetic materials and nanostructures have been intensively studied for their applications in recording media and logic circuits. This work follows our ongoing research in this field and mainly focuses on the static and dynamic properties of nanostructured materials, e.g., NiFe, CoFeB, and YIG. The thesis starts with a theoretical introduction showing the basic description of micromagnetic systems, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), and spin-waves, including the mathematical description of spin-wave dispersion relations. This is followed by the description of experimental methods. Then we present the first experimental part concerning the nucleation process of magnetic vortices, i.e., the transition from the saturated state into the vortex spin configuration while decreasing the magnetic field. Magnetic imaging methods are used, namely Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy. The results are correlated with electrical detection using the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect. The advantage of electrical measurements is their potential integrability into the microprocessor circuitry. In the results, we report that this process in nanometer- and micrometer-sized magnetic disks undergoes several phases with distinct spin configurations called the nucleation states. Moreover, we introduce the analysis of magnetic materials using a vector network analyzer (VNA), which is applied to the measurement of magnetic vortex resonance (evaluation of the gyrotropic frequency and the high-frequency modes as well), the ferromagnetic resonance of thin layers (extraction of basic magnetic material parameters), and propagating spin-wave spectroscopy (PSWS). Spin-wave spectroscopy is further developed to measure the dispersion relations of thin magnetic layers, which can serve as an essential characteristic used in the design of devices. Finally, we show a concept of an antenna device, separating the magnetic excitation from the sample itself, providing no need for electron lithography processes of the antenna fabrication onto the sample. This device has the form of a glass cantilever, on which the excitation antenna is fabricated, a connector, and a coupler. It is then placed on a tilt equipped x-y-z stage, and therefore it provides positionability to any place on the measured sample. The use of glass as the cantilever material enables navigation using a microscope and enables the use of optical detection methods, e.g., Brillouin light scattering (BLS) or Kerr effect.
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Denoising of Images from Electron Microscope
Holub, Zbyněk ; Kolář, Radim (oponent) ; Odstrčilík, Jan (vedoucí práce)
This master’s thesis is focused on the image denoising of images acquired by transmission electron microscope. Thesis describes principles of TEM image digitizing. It also describes the types of noises, which are the unwanted part of final image and they can damage it. Therefore, filtration methods based on total variation minimizing were chosen and used for TEM image denoising in this thesis. Non-local means filter, chosen for filtration quality comparison, because nowadays this filter is the-state-of-art in denoising methods. Filters were tested on artificially noised images by Gaussian and Poisson noise and also on images from TEM microscope. TEM images were acquired with different electron dose and with different binning. The results of filtration quality are rated by these benchmarks – SNR, PSNR and SSIM. All obtained results are shown in figures and they are discussed in the practical part.
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Analýza obrazu pro korekci elektronových mikroskopů
Smital, Petr ; Schwarz, Daniel (oponent) ; Kolář, Radim (vedoucí práce)
Tato práce se zabývá fyzikální podstatou korekcí elektronového mikroskopu a matematickými metodami zpracování obrazu potřebnými pro jejich kompletní automatizaci. Jedná se o různé typy ostření, korekci astigmatismu, centrování elektronového svazku či stabilizaci obrazu. Mezi popsané matematické metody patří různé metody zjištění ostrosti a astigmatismu, jak s použitím Fourierovy transformace, tak bez ní, dále metody detekce hran, operace s histogramem a lícování snímků, tedy zjišťování prostorových transformací v obraze, včetně zmínky o optimalizačních metodách. Tato práce obsahuje podrobný popis matematických metod, jejich zhodnocení na základě testovací „offline“ aplikace, popis algoritmů jejich implementace do reálného elektronového mikroskopu a výsledek testu na reálném mikroskopu v podobě videozáznamu z obrazovky ovládacího počítače.
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